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For nearly six hundred years castles lay at the heart of England’s social and political life. Whether located in cities or the country, along land frontiers or sea-bound shores, they served as strongholds, centers of government, residences, markers of social status, and political showpieces. Introduced at the Norman Conquest in 1066 (with more than five hundred constructed in the first decade after the Battle of Hastings), castles outlasted the Middle Ages, the Reformation, the Renaissance, and succumbed only in the Civil War of the 1640s. Such longevity might be expected to ensure exhaustive coverage in the literature, but oddly this… Full Review

Gathering close to eighty assemblages, collages, lithographs, reliefs, and sculptures made between 1918 and 1947, as well as a partial replica of the Merzbau installation, Kurt Schwitters: Color and Collage is the first large-scale retrospective in the United States of Schwitters’s work since John Elderfeld’s 1985 Museum of Modern Art retrospective. Here at the Berkeley Art Museum, where I saw it, it is also the first big retrospective of his work to reach the West Coast. Isabel Schulz, coeditor of Schwitters’s catalogue raisonné, curator of the Kurt Schwitters Archive, and executive director of the Kurt und Ernst Schwitters Stiftung at… Full Review

The discovery of the Book of Hours of Duchess Catherine of Cleves in the 1960s caused many art historians to change their views on fifteenth-century northern Netherlandish book illumination in a positive way. Instead of being regarded as a rather provincial school, Dutch book illumination was appreciated much more after the Cleves Hours had the chance to reveal her beauty to the world. The Book of Hours, made around 1440, has weathered the centuries in remarkable condition—missing only a few leaves—but was divided into two parts in the middle of the nineteenth century. Both parts miraculously found their way… Full Review

Two recent exhibitions at the San Diego Museum of Art (SDMA) offer opportunities to contemplate the changing face of Mexican art in relation to issues of nationalism and identity. With curatorial assistance at SDMA from Amy Galpin and Julia Marciari-Alexander, Mexican Modern Painting from the Andrés Blaisten Collection presents eighty paintings from the first half of the twentieth century, complementing the San Diego Museum of Art’s permanent collection by including works by many of the same artists, such as Diego Rivera, Jean Charlot, Rufino Tamayo, and Alfredo Ramos Martínez. Although the exhibition loosely situates these works within the context of… Full Review

Jenifer Neils’s lavishly illustrated new book aims to provide non-specialist readers with an introduction to the women of the ancient world as they are revealed through images and other artifacts held in the British Museum. The “ancient world” here is broadly defined, stretching from the Neolithic period to the late Roman empire and from Italy and northern Africa to modern Iran, although the discussion generally concentrates on the periods and regions for which there exists the best evidence. Neils does not pretend to cover her topic comprehensively; the evidence is too incomplete, and as she notes in the introduction, what… Full Review

In this pioneering study, Alison McQueen examines an important and yet largely overlooked phenomenon: the engagement with the visual arts of Empress Eugénie, wife of Napoleon III. McQueen draws upon her extensive work in the archives throughout Europe and years of sustained consideration of this subject to argue that Eugénie’s patronage and collecting activities were distinctly political in nature, critical to the fashioning of her private and public personae, and central to the art world. A declared aim of this book is to challenge “the coherence of studies on art in nineteenth-century France” (5) by showing how Empress Eugénie’s involvement… Full Review

In the ancient world, gods were seen, the experience of their presence conceptualized in visual terms. In a departure from more traditional, philological treatments of religious phenomena, Verity Platt’s Facing the Gods: Epiphany and Representation in Graeco-Roman Art, Literature and Religion highlights the visuality of epiphany. Engaging also with related cognitive and hermeneutic issues, she brings a new perspective to the recent wave of scholarly attention to the subject of epiphany in Graeco-Roman culture. In each of the book’s eight chapters, Platt places particular emphasis on viewing practices and their representation in images and texts. She explores how epiphany can… Full Review

Lisa Beaven has given us a hefty book with a twenty-one-word title (and subtitle), justifying its bulk and length with her broad reach and impressive research. Although partly a biography of Cardinal Camillo Massimo (1620–1677), this text goes beyond memoir by ably leading us across a wide discursive and geographic landscape. Camillo, of the Massimo family (one thinks immediately of Rome’s famous Palazzo Massimo, with its curved façade), found himself not always an adept player with and among Rome’s political elite. Remarkable glimpses of Massimo as a person of ambition and passion show up most vividly in an… Full Review

John R. Senseney’s The Art of Building in the Classical World: Vision, Craftsmanship, and Linear Perspective in Greek and Roman Architecture is a highly creative, discursive synthesis of an impressive range of thematic strands within classical architecture and philosophy. Senseney’s objective is to infer some possible theoretical bases for Greek architectural design procedures from the end of the fifth-century BCE to the first-century BCE, when the Roman architect Vitruvius wrote his Ten Books on Architecture with frequent reference to lost Greek texts. Senseney highlights developments in Greek philosophy, astronomy, and other fields that may have formed the basis of the… Full Review

The Matter Within, presented at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts and curated by Betti-Sue Hertz, is the first major survey in California dedicated to Indian art of the twentieth century. The show's title is, indeed, its own topic and conundrum. Eighteen artists, at various stages in their careers, are clustered under the umbrella term of “New Contemporary Art of India.” The criteria for artists included in this exhibition was dependent on their background as Indian and as artists whose works comment on the ever-changing Indian diaspora through video, photography, and sculpture. Some of the included… Full Review